A re-energised livelihoods perspective thus requires, first, a basic recognition of cross-scale dynamic change and, second, a more central place for considerations of knowledge, power, values and political change. This line of work overlapped substantially with studies that emerged from Marxist political geography, but had, in some respects, another intellectual trajectory which came to be labelled as political ecology (Blaikie and Brookfield 1987, Robbins 2003, Forsyth 2003). An advisory committee was established, led by Diana Carney then of the Overseas Development Institute in London. In the frameworks, these were dumped in a box labelled ‘contexts’. 2003). This all echoed discussion around the meanings and definitions of poverty, which was beginning to accommodate broader, more inclusive perspectives on well-being and livelihoods (Baulch 1996). Attention to how livelihoods are structured by relations of class, caste, gender, ethnicity, religion and cultural identity are central. Globalising Food offers important insights into the problems, consequences and limits of the industrialisation of agriculture and the provisioning of food in a global world as we approach the new millenium. It is not just a matter of adding another ‘capital’ to the assets pentagon (Baumann 2000), with all the flawed assumptions of equivalence and substitutability inherent. With the establishment of the new DfID, and a commitment to a sustainable livelihoods approach to tackling poverty enshrined in a White Paper, the old Natural Resources Department transformed itself into a Livelihoods Department, later with its own Sustainable Livelihoods Support Office. Livelihoods of the rural households in the developing regions are still dependent on farm and off-farm economic activities and this approach emerged from a range of efforts to understand that how the people survive in a particular area. Livelihoods perspectives and rural devel .... : Critical perspectives in agrarian change and peasant studies, A brief archaeology of ideas and approaches, Sustainable rural livelihoods: a policy story. Secondly, it is ‘holistic’ in that it is ‘non-sectoral’ and it recognises multiple influences, multiple actors, multiple strategies and multiple outcomes. Such as, the consideration of inequitable power relations between actors in the food system, which in many cases perpetuate poverty and mostly impact on already vulnerable people (Clapp, 2016;DeFries et al., 2017;Van der Ploeg, 2010). In the same period, from a different theoretical tradition, field studies such as the classic examination of rural change in northern Nigeria by Michael Watts (1983), Silent Violence, offered important insights into the contested patterns of livelihood change. Different people, because of their current asset base and livelihood options, are likely, given future trends, to end up just coping, moving to new livelihood options or getting out completely. The second failing relates to the lack of attention to power and politics and the failure to link livelihoods and governance debates in development. But, as O'Laughlin (2004, 387) argues: Class, not as an institutional context variable, but as a relational concept, is absent from the discourse of livelihoods. The implications for poverty alleviation and rural development programmes at the micro-level are briefly discussed. Systematic knowledge management for competitive tendering in construction organisations: A quantity surveying perspective. A number of core challenges are identified, centred on the need to inject a more thorough-going political analysis into the centre of livelihoods perspectives. 1 http://www.livelihoods.org/info/dlg/GLOSS/Gloss3.htm#l (glossary for distance learning guide). Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Fourthly, it starts with analysis of strengths rather than of needs, and seeks to build on everyone's inherent potential. As with ‘sustainability science’ (Clarke and Dickson 2003), the central concern is with sustaining ‘life support systems’, and the capacity of natural systems to provide for livelihoods into the future, given likely stresses and shocks. : Technology and Change in Rice-growing Areas of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. 2003). 2004). Shahpura, Bhopal. With cases examining migration, remittance flows and rural social movements, the importance of looking at linking solid, place-based analysis with broader scales, including trans-national connections, is emphasised. Although the framework allowed us to identify land-use alternatives that could improve SI scores (i.e., silvopastoral systems), corrections to the proposed framework and methodological approach will need to include additional environmental benefits currently unaccounted for. The study shows that the vast majority of these farmers faced serious obstacles to overcome. While Giddens' concept of ‘structuration’ (1984) is rather cumbersome, the basic argument for recursive links across scales and between structural conditions and human action is essential. This is the theme of the final section of this paper. These issues of course have been raised by many working firmly in the livelihoods tradition, including research on livelihood diversification (Ellis 2000) and ‘de-agrarianisation’ (Bryceson 1996) in Africa. A strong narrative line suggests that progress (development) is about moving through a series of assumed evolutionary stages, with transitions which can be facilitated through a range of interventions in technologies, markets, support institutions and policies, as illustrated by the success stories of Brazil, China, India and Indonesia (cf. Farm size, specialization in cocoa, and participation in associations positively influenced the economic performance of the households but had little effect on the quality of natural resource management and on the capacity to conserve forests. North East India Regional Office. It had in many respects got stuck, both intellectually and practically. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, Livelihoods perspectives and rural development, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex , Falmer , Brighton , United Kingdom, Assessing the impact of agricultural research on poverty using the sustainable livelihoods framework, International Food Policy Research Institute, Adaptation to climate change in developing countries, The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries, Animal genetic resources and sustainable livelihoods, Value contestations in development interventions: community development and sustainable livelihoods approaches, Landscapes of diversity: a local political ecology of livelihood diversification in South-Western Niger, Neglected trade-offs in poverty measurement, Sustainable livelihoods and political capital: arguments and evidence from decentralisation and natural resource management in India, Capitals and capabilities: a framework for analysing peasant viability, rural livelihoods and poverty, Transnational livelihoods and landscapes: political ecologies of globalisation, Resilience and ‘climatising’ development: examples and policy implications, Research, knowledge, and the art of ‘paradigm maintenance’: the World Bank's development economics vice-presidency (DEC), Deagrarianisation and rural employment in Sub-Saharan Africa: a sectoral perspective, Livelihood approaches compared: a brief comparison of the livelihoods approaches of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), CARE, Oxfam and the UNDP. Green Revolution? Livelihoods analysis that identifies different future strategies or pathways provides one way of thinking about longer-term change. These studies provided important inspirations to wider bodies of work that followed. The appeal is simple: look at the real world, and try and understand things from local perspectives. This stated: A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities for a means of living. Sustainable livelihoods framework: a checklist (Scoones 1998). The committee deliberated on the way forward – how would a ‘sustainable livelihoods approach’ become operational? The decline and fall of livelihoods perspectives? (2007) present a highly pessimistic vision of livelihood sustainability. These identify the importance of looking at interactions between slow and fast variables and cross-scale interactions between them, and the interactions these have on resilience – defined as the amount of change a system can undergo while maintaining its core properties. Through processes of discursive framing – creating typologies and categories, defining inclusions and exclusions – this has forged a politics of livelihoods knowledge. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. In 1992 Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway proposed the following composite … Although developed to some degree in some earlier precursors of the livelihoods frameworks (cf. Livelihoods perspectives offer an important lens for looking at complex rural development questions. This may not be through gradual, incremental shifts, but through more radical transitions, where new social, economic and technological systems unfold. Far from it: there is a rich and important history that goes back another 50 or more years where a cross-disciplinary livelihoods perspective has profoundly influenced rural development thinking and practice. Strategies followed by members of rural households (as a team) led the game along ascendant, descendant, and oscillatory trajectories in the reproduction of capabilities, as is actually the case in rural life contexts. The main objective of the study was to assess the contribution of the fisheries activities in the development process of the local economy, in order to provide guidance for future rural development and poverty alleviation policies within the context of these North Cameroonian floodplain areas 1 . Accordingly, the people-centered principle is the prime one and it is connected with all the other principles such as studies are need to pay attention to responsiveness and participation of the actors at multi-levels, partnership orientation of the studies, the core principle of sustainability and dynamic nature of the study setting based on the matters arising in context-specific situations. As against the bureaucratic 'top-down' approach, MSSRF practices 'bottom-up' and participatory approach. Like the IDS sustainable livelihoods work, this was an attempt to draw economist colleagues into a discussion about questions of access and the organisational and institutional dimensions of rural development and environmental change. But, in the same way, a rosy picture of local, adaptive coping to immediate pressures, based on local capacities and knowledge, may miss out on long-term shifts which will, in time, undermine livelihoods in more fundamental ways. School of Livelihood and Rural Development is a ISO9001 organisation. Looking beyond the local to wider landscapes is of course central to geographical analysis, and the notion of ‘scape’ has been extended to look at the patterns of practices of globalisation (Appadurai 1996). While well developed for ecological and engineering systems, the extension of resilience concepts to social-economic-cultural-political systems is definitely ‘work in progress’, but an area with increasing attention and innovation.18. Microfinance has played a significant role in shaping the rural financial scenario. The relation between wealth and food insecurity as well as the different factors governing the wealth differentiation process are analysed. Here, more complex, livelihood concerns were put centre-stage, with principles of equity, access and sustainability guiding the normative framing. This is conditioned by histories of places and peoples, and their wider interactions with colonialism, state-making and globalisation. Monday, January 18, 2021. It argues that, despite the considerable attention given to land issues in the region over the past 20 years, fundamental reform that shifts assets and opportunities in favour of the rural poor have yet to be brought about. Party politics together around such perspectives did not come to rural development thinking and practice in the same time subsistence... To non-formal Education will enhance the livelihood process at a household level important lens for at. The stories of these young men and women, the resulting impoverishment of rural life rather than attention to transformation! Perspective need a new livelihoods agenda opens up ’ livelihoods have diversified and are livelihood! ( O'Laughlin 2004 ) of change in and of itself ’ between macro- and.. 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