Our internal organs (heart, liver, stomach, kidneys) are attached to the bones by elastic connective tissue, and at low frequencies may be considered simple oscillators. As technologies have developed, it’s apparent that military bodies within the world seek to create weapons resulting in “war’s without death” (Scott & Monitor, 2010). • The sound waves having frequencies above the audible range i.e. At greater ranges, perhaps up to 300 meters, the effect, although not lethal, would be very painful and would probably disable a man for an appreciable length of time. IHC responses are dependant on velocity and due to the fluid within the ear, the stimulus lowers as the frequency lowers; in contrast, OHC have a greater response to low frequency ranges such as infrasound. No physiological experiments were conducted, but it was estimated that at such a pressure it would take from 30 to 40 seconds to kill a man. The company goes on to state that field trials suggest that teenagers where acutely aware for the ultrasonic tone and would usually wish to move away after around ten minutes (Compound Security, 2015). Are beta brainwaves the cause of schizophrenia? Human Ear cant hear this sound but elephants and whales can hear this. Sometimes you may experience a continuous ringing in the ears even after the device is turned off” (Free Information Society, no date). Retrieved from http://www.zemos98.org/controlsonoro/wp-content/uploads/pdf/acoustic_noise_Roman_Vinour.pdf, Mackinlay, C. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://hyperphysics.phy- astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/usound.html, Georgia State University. HTRZ stands for number of vibrations per second. Goodman also supports this discussing “It has been noted that certain infrasonic frequencies plug straight into the algorithms of the brain and nervous system. Founded by Grammy-nominated mastering engineer Pete Lyman, Infrasonic’s team of engineers include Dave Gardner, Daniel Bacigalupi, and Piper Payne. In addition to this, we also see discussed by (Sargeant, 2001): “The frequency that is thought to be most dangerous to humans is between 7 and 8Hz. RE: Do earthquakes produce infrasonic and/or ultrasonic sound before main shocks? A similar experiment entitled ‘The Haunt Project’ conducted by the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit of Goldsmiths College, London, subjected 79 volunteers to a varying array of infrasonic frequencies. Hypersonic Sound and other inventions (Lecture). Here are 4 theories.," 8 June 2018 An infrasonic or ultrasonic weapon can cause hearing loss and physical pain by emitting a sound not audible to a human ear within the vicinity of the victim. Sound. Whether exposure to such infrasound can trigger epileptic seizures, as some fear, remains unclear; experimental data on exposure to such frequencies gives a variety of results. Sonic weapons fall into two categories: those that involve audible frequencies, and those that are either ultrasonic or infrasonic and so are inaudible. However, it is in fact discussed by (L. Fannin, Ph.D, no date) that the effect of BWE on frequency ranges that are already heightened within our brain is what causes a negative effect. Sonic. What are the Similarities — if any — between these two Distant Practices? Understanding Your Brainwaves. Multiple ultrasound emitters used for surveillance would be worse. In order to full understand how the military application of sound can impact subjects psychologically, we must first understand how sound effects us mentally. However, as previously mentioned in section 3.2.2, hypersonic sound used in devices like the LRAD do in fact utilise audible frequencies too and it is important to understand the cohesion within it’s application. (1973). (2014). United States: Lexington Books Illingworth, E. (2012). As a result, this could lead to a plausible suggestion that military application of non-lethal audio weapons have not been made publicly available. (2001). (n.d.). The preliminary applications of ultrasound can be seen as a means of radar detection, similar to that of infrasound discussed in section 3.1, with the employment of submarine detectors in World War 1 (Carovac, Smajlovic, & Junuzovic, 2011). Little is known for definite but the symptoms do suggest that some sort of sonic interference could have taken place. A., Lee, S. C., & Salt, A. N. (2007). Department of Composition and Musicology University of Arts, University of Arts George Enescu, 1790–5095, 104–105, Compound Security. Sound deserves its own pollution category. New York: Oxford University Press, Kliempt, P., Ruta, D., Ogston, S., Landeck, A., & Martay, K. (1999). Movie Director Gaspar Noe and musician Thomas Bangalter, used two differing bandwidths to instil beta wave frequency to the audience in order to create a feeling of tension in particular scenes of the movie Irreversible (Stathatos, no date). (Walonick, 1990) reports in a experiment that below 8Hz had caused agitation and uneasiness for participants. The effect of sound on our brain often leads back to a common theme of resonance. It has frequency less than the audible frequency range. The effects of ultrasound increase with amplitude (loudness), but heating is mainly a problem with contact ultrasound (when an ultrasonic emitter touches you), rather than waves transmitted through the air. Please provide the proper credit for this work. In February 2004, the American Technology Corporation secured a $1 million contract to provide U.S forces in Iraq with Long Range Acoustic Devices (LRAD) (Goodman, 2009, p. 21). Similar to that of light being focused into a laser, hypersonic sound works under a similar principle, with a speaker being focused into a highly directional focused beam of sound. Frequencies above 20,000 Hz are in the ultrasonic range. This technique has been applied to many non-warfare scenarios, which allows us to understand the importance of it’s application. No, they are a side-effect and schizophrenia is a much more complex disease. The ultrasonic is defined as sound waves with a frequency exceeding the human hearing limit. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, New Scientist. This method of entrainment occurs when two coherent frequencies within our audible range, are made present in both the left and right ear. Retrieved from http://waubrafoundation.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ Broner-The-effects-of-low-frequency-noise-on-people.pdf, Carovac, A., Smajlovic, F., & Junuzovic, D. (2011). These ghosts, these ancestors, are going to tell the Vietcong to stop messing with the people’s right to live freely, or the people are going to disown them.” The helicopter dropped to within twenty feet of the trees. Ultrasonic is usually applied to sound which is referred to anything above the frequencies of audible sound, and includes anything over 20,000 Hz. However, when discussing the LRAD device we must also consider it’s use of ultrasound, as this device also applies ultrasound within it’s mechanism — this will be discussed in section 4.3.1. Noise & health. ‘The Sonic Doom of Vladimir Gavreau’ by Gerry Vassilatos. So it allows you to go nearly a mile away and communicate with people, and there can be a public beach just off to the side, and they don’t even know it’s turned on. Sound waves with frequencies above 20000 Hz are called ultrasonic sound. Retrieved from http://www.bahaistudies.net/asma/ binaural.pdf, Berlyne, D. E. (1971). Vinokur, drew from Gavreau’s invention stating within his publication The Case of the Mythical Beast. Woody Norris, who would later found the LRAD Corporation, discussed the military application of ultrasound on a hypersonic sound lecture in 2004. The length of the chamber was one- quarter the wavelength of the sound in air. Ex-amples of the former are thunder, volca-nic activity, winds, large waterfalls and the impact of ocean waves, whereas examples of the latter are high-powered aircraft and rocket propulsion systems, explosions, sonic booms, bridge vibra- Acoustics and Psychoacoustics (4th ed). Despite some disadvantages, ultrasound is used in various tools including motion sensors. This depended on similar technologies of that used today in the medical industry, however since then, we have seen research within ultrasonic frequencies rise in many differing fields. . Precise alignment in millimetres would be needed to steer an ultrasonic “beam” to hit someone from across a room. Acoustic scientists investigating the result of noise pollution on workers determine that every organ within the human body has a resonant frequency and it’s own ‘acoustic properties’, this effect is discussed as a possible means as to why frequency has an effect on the human body (Prashanth & Venugopalachar, 2010). Infrasonic Sound Retrieved from http://hyperphysics.phy- astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/infrasound.html, Gerard, P. (2002). (Vinokur, 1993), “. A comprehensive review of the psychological effects of brainwave entrainment. Retrieved from http://www.zemos98.org/controlsonoro/ 2008/03/08/sonic-doom-by-jack-sargeant/, Scott, R. L. & Monitor, T. C. S. (2010) War without death? As a result of this research, the study will gather primary research to understand the effect of 7Hz on the human body, and analyse the emotional effect it has within formulated within this study. Sources:Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. It can vary depending on the frequency, modulation (pattern), loudness, time of exposure, environment, and the age and hearing characteristics of the individual. Throughout the 20th and 21st century, there has been a vast amount of research collected and interest gained in the use of non-lethal weapons (NLW), which are intended to immobilise or impair targets without causing permanent or severe damage to the human body. The frequency that forms our own perception of sound sits between 20Hz — 20,000Hz, though only constituting a small amount of frequency spectrum, our auditory range can play an important role on our body; such as our equilibrioception (balance), proprioception and kinaesthesia (joint motion and acceleration), time, nociception (pain), magnetoception (direction), and thermoception (temperature differences) (HEYS, 2011). London: Time Warner Paperbacks United States Military. Ultrasound maintains very directional wave forms, due to their smaller wavelength and is very easily absorbed by materials, which allows for a greater application of use than other frequency bandwidths (Carovac, Smajlovic, & Junuzovic, 2011). Advanced applications in acoustics, noise, and vibration (1st ed.). The effect of this involves a speaker which emits low level ultrasound at around 100,000 vibrations per second, resulting in the audio creating the sound in the air as it travels, as a pose to regular speakers which make the sound waves on the face of the speaker (Norris, 2004). Retrieved from http://schizophonia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Alex_Davies_Acoustic_Trauma.pdf, De Laro Research. Referring back to the use of 7Hz frequency, additional support is gathered with many texts referring to resonant frequencies within the body, with the likes of (Broner, 2003) stating “…it has also been alleged that this is the resonant frequency of the body’s organs…”. F. & Walker, J and physiologic effects waves whose frequencies are than! By earthquakes, etc.Ultrasonic sound has a frequency greater than the audible of. 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